Measuring cancer burden in prostatic needle core biopsies: simplified assessments outperform complex measurements in assessing outcome: evidence to assist pathologist efficiency and minimize datasets.

AIMS: The optimal method of measuring cancer extent in prostate cancer (PCa) biopsies is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine hundred eighty-one men with clinically localised PCa managed conservatively were reviewed with follow up. The number of positive cores (NPC), the Maximum Cancer Length in a core (MCL), Total Cancer Length (TCL), and percentage of positive cores (%+cores) was calculated and univariate and multivariate analysis performed using prostate-specific antigen (PSA), T-stage, and Gleason score. The presence of stromal gaps (SG) was recorded. Univariate models were run where SG made a difference to the MCL. All variables showed significant association with PCa death in univariate models. In multivariate models, incorporating PSA, T-stage, and Gleason score, only %+cores was a significant predictor of outcome, with a 10% increase in %+cores resulting in a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (likelihood-ratio test P > Χ2  = 0.01). There were 120 patients where SG made a difference to the MCL and a total of 20 events in this group. Including SG, on univariate analysis the median MCL was 10 mm and HR was 1.16 (P = 0.007), not including SG, the median MCL was 6 mm and HR was 1.23 (P = 6.3 × 10-4 ). Inclusion or exclusion of SG made no significant difference to TCL as a predictor of outcome. CONCLUSION: Cancer extent is a strong predictor of PCa death but only %+cores added to the multivariate model. Expressed as a fraction of NPC/total number of cores, this is the simplest method of assessment, which we favour over more complicated methods in nontargeted biopsies.

Afrontamiento y factores resilientes en tiempos de COVID-19: Un estudio con adolescentes boxeadores (Coping and resilient factors in times of COVID-19: A study with adolescent boxers)

The aim of the research was to analyze the resilient factors, exploring the stressful experiences in the sports context, as well as the adaptation process due to the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescent boxers. A mixed method study with DEXPLIS sequential design was developed in a sample of 36 boxers (78% men and 22% women), with age range between 14 and 18 years (M = 16.14 ± 1.37). From the quantitative approach, the following questionnaires were applied: Resilience Scale in the Sports Context, Perceived Stress Scale, and Inventory of Coping Strategies;Regarding the qualitative approach, an ad hoc interview was applied. Reliability, means, and standard deviation were analyzed, complemented with thematic analysis. The results (Quan-Qual) show moderate level for resilience factors (Personal Competence and Acceptance of Self and Life), highlighting qualities such as self-confidence, persistence, and focus. The perceived stress related to the sport life of the athletes (competitive situation) were located at a moderate level. A tendency to maladaptive coping was identified such as avoidance responses, negative thoughts, and difficulty for emotional self-regulation. While cognitive restructuring was identified at a medium level and emotional expression at a low level with respect to adaptive coping. Finally, they expressed difficulties in coping with the pandemic situation. In conclusion, boxers have psychologically experienced the change in life derived from the pandemic, meaning a challenge for sport psychology that must develop intervention proposals aimed at promoting adaptability through resilience in these moments of global crisis and for the future. return to normal. Alternate : La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores resilientes, explorando las vivencias estresantes en el ámbito deportivo, así como el proceso de adaptación ante la pandemia por el COVID-19 en boxeadores adolescentes. Se desarrolló un estudio mixto de diseño secuencial DEXPLIS con 36 boxeadores (78% hombres y 22% mujeres) con rango de edad entre 14 y 18 años (M =16.14 ±1.37). Desde el enfoque cuantitativo se aplicaron los cuestionarios: Escala de Resiliencia en el Contexto Deportivo, Escala de Estrés Percibido, e Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento;Respecto al enfoque cualitativo se aplicó una entrevista ad hoc. Se analizó la fiabilidad, medias, desviación estándar, complementándose por medio del análisis temático. Los resultados (Cuan-Cual) indican que los factores resilientes (Competencia Personal y Aceptación de Sí Mismo y de la Vida) se ubican a un nivel medio, resaltando cualidades como la autoconfianza, persistencia y focalización. El estrés percibido relacionado a la vida deportiva (situación de competencia) de los participantes se situó en un nivel medio. Se observó una tendencia al afrontamiento desadaptativo como respuestas evitativas, pensamientos negativos y dificultad para la autorregulación emocional. Mientras se identificó la reestructuración cognitiva en nivel medio y expresión emocional en nivel bajo respecto al afrontamiento adaptativo. Por último, manifestaron dificultades para sobrellevar la situación de la pandemia. En conclusión, los boxeadores han experimentado psicológicamente el cambio de vida derivado de la pandemia, implicando un desafío para la psicología del deporte que deberá desarrollar propuestas de intervención encaminadas a fomentar la adaptabilidad a través de la resiliencia en estos momentos de crisis global y para el retorno a la normalidad.Alternate :O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os fatores resilientes, explorando experiências estressantes no campo esportivo, bem como o processo de adaptação à pandemia de COVID-19 em boxeadores adolescentes. Um estudo misto de desenho sequencial DEXPLIS foi desenvolvido com 36 boxeadores (78% homens e 22% mulheres) com faixa etária entre 14 e 18 anos (M = 16,14 ± 1,37). A partir da abordagem quantitativa, foram aplicados os questionários: Escala de Resiliência no Contexto Esportivo, Escal de Estresse Percebido e Inventário de Estratégias de Enfrentamento;Quanto à abordagem qualitativa, foi aplicada uma entrevista ad hoc. Foram analisados ​​confiabilidade, médias, desvio padrão, complementados pela análise temática. Os resultados (Quan-Which) indicam que os fatores resilientes (Competência Pessoal e Aceitação de Si e da Vida) estão localizados em um nível médio, destacando qualidades como autoconfiança, persistência e foco. O estresse percebido relacionado à vida esportiva (situação de competição) dos participantes foi de nível médio. Observou-se tendência ao enfrentamento mal adaptativo, como respostas de evitação, pensamentos negativos e dificuldade de autorregulação emocional. Enquanto a reestruturação cognitiva foi identificada em nível médio e a expressão emocional em nível baixo no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento adaptativo. Por fim, expressaram dificuldades no enfrentamento da situação pandêmica. Em conclusão, os boxeadores vivenciaram psicologicamente a mudança de vida derivada da pandemia, implicando um desafio para a psicologia do esporte que deve desenvolver propostas de intervenção que visem promover a adaptabilidade através da resiliência nestes momentos de crise global e para o futuro.